And how do we help students who struggle with reading fluency and comprehension? Dyslexia is a language-based disorder that interferes with learning to read. This difficulty happens at both the letter-sound level of learning (sublexical) and at the word level of learning (lexical). Learning to read and write are two abilities tied to our underlying oral language skills. When we learn to read and write, we repurpose many of the foundational skills we use to listen and speak. F

And how do we support students who struggle with listening and speaking challenges? Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a neurodevelopmental condition which makes it difficult to understand and use linguistic information. DLD impacts listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Common hallmarks include late language acquisition (late talker), difficulty following complex directions, reduced grammatical complexity (speaking in very simple sentences), word-finding str

And how do we help students who struggle with composition, handwriting, and pencil grip? Dysgraphia is a language-based disorder that interferes with learning to write. This difficulty happens at both the foundational level of learning and at the word level of learning. Weak skills in matching sounds to letters, known as a sublexical weakness, negatively affects a student's ability to adequately store and efficiently recall letter shapes and orientation. Sound-to-letter weakn